Reconfigurable Dual-Band Capsule-Conformal Antenna Array for In-Body Bioelectronics

Wireless in-body bioelectronics offer powerful biosensing and therapeutic capabilities. Efficient robust antenna designs are required to ensure a reliable through-body link, increase data rates, reduce power budgets. This study proposes demonstrates pattern- frequency-reconfigurable capsule-conformal array that responds the challenges of next-generation bioelectronics. The comprises two mirrored dual-band elements operating at 434 MHz 2.45 GHz ISM bands. Tissue-matched dielectric loading improves radiation efficiency ensures quasi tissue-independent operation for both Due full ground plane, is shielded from capsule payload. achieved efficiencies compared fundamental limitations closely approach them. realized gains −28.9 −18.6 dBi GHz, respectively, when placed in center ø100-mm diameter spherical phantom with muscle-equivalent properties. Using single switch, can be reconfigured adjust angular position nulls pattern bands thereby enabling synthesis an effectively null-free omnidirectional pattern. prototypes fabricated, impedance far-field patterns characterized validate design tissue-equivalent liquid phantoms.